It is important that you use a specialized cleaner for technical fabrics. Mass-market detergents contain additives such as foaming agents, optical brighteners, dyes, enzymes and fragrances known collectively as “surfactants” (shorthand for surface-active agents).

One of their effects: They reduce water’s “surface tension” so detergent-infused water molecules bind more readily with oil and dirt than with other water molecules, loosening oil and dirt from fibers. The downside of surfactants: They can leave residues on fibers that can potentially impact fabric performance, particularly water repellency. They could even add a couple grams of weight to a garment. The advantage of specialized cleaning products: They are engineered to rinse away thoroughly without depositing residues.